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TACTICS OF COMBINED IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL THERAPY OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19) IN A CHILD WITH AN IMMUNODEFICIENCY CONDITION
L.N. Mazankova, E.R. Samitova, I.M. Osmanov, V.G. Akimkin, N.A. Dracheva, E.P. Kaurova, N.V. Loban, M.A. Antsupova

Summary. The article presents a clinical observation of the course of COVID-19 in a child with diffuse B-cell lymphoma using a combination of immunobiological therapy (type 6 interleukin inhibitor, human immunoglobulin against COVID-19, recombinant virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies of the IgG1 class to SARS-CoV-2). Despite the double injection of COVID-globulin, the patient retained the clinical picture of coronavirus infection COVID-19, and also noted a long-term viral shedding (up to 40 days), with the elimination of the virus on the 3^rd day after the introduction of recombinant virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies of the IgG1 class to SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal IgG1 antibodies, tocilizumab, human immunoglobulin against COVID-19, immunodeficiency, children

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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ITCHING, PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF ITS FORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS
O.B. Tamrazova, E.A. Glukhova, N.F. Dubovets, L.V. Goncharova

Summary. The increase in the prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis among the child population forms a global medical and social problem. The disease can occur with a different clinical picture, however, an obligatory symptom for all patients is itching, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patient and his family. The pathophysiology of itching in atopic dermatitis is multifaceted and includes neural pathways, the proliferation of nerve fibers in the skin, the synthesis of itching mediators (pruritogens) by keratinocytes, immune cells and nerve endings. Pruritogens themselves in most cases have a direct effect on neurons and indirectly – by enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This article discusses the most powerful pruritogens (histamine, serotonin, IL-31, etc.), clinical manifestations of itching in atopic dermatitis, as well as the basic principles of therapy for this symptom.
Keywords: atopic dermatitis, itching, histamine, serotonin, nerve endings, quifenadine, Fencarol

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CELIAC DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED ENDOCRINE DISEASES
Yu.A. Dmitrieva, I.N. Zakharova, I.M. Osmanov, L.N. Samsonova, G.F. Okminyan, A.S. Vorobyova, E.R. Radchenko, I.G. Kolomina, I.V. Strunkina, S.S. Bukin, E.A. Evsyukova, L.S. Abdurakhmanova

Summary. Currently, celiac disease is considered as an immuno-mediated systemic disease caused by gluten and related prolamins in genetically predisposed individuals. A detailed study of the pathogenesis of gluten enteropathy has created the basis for investigating the possible causes of the frequent combination of celiac disease with a number of endocrinological diseases. The possible causes of the association are the presence of common genetic markers in patients, the cross-reaction of auto-antibodies and activated T-lymphocytes formed in celiac disease with the body's own antigens, the systemic effect of proinflammatory cytokines. Despite the fact that many issues of pathophysiology remain the subject of discussion, currently there is no doubt that patients with autoimmune endocrinopathies form a risk group for the development of celiac disease and require careful monitoring and examination for timely diagnosis and the appointment of a gluten-free diet.
Keywords: celiac disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, Addison's disease, HLA genes, non-HLA genes, autoantibodies, cytokines, gluten-free diet

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PATHOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN CHILDREN BORN WITH VERY LOW AND EXTREMELY LOW BODY WEIGHT
A.K. Mironova, A.S. Sharykin

Summary. The results of the analysis of diseases of the cardiovascular system in preterm infants born with very low and extremely low body weight are presented. A significantly higher frequency of cardiovascular system pathologies was demonstrated in the group of preterm infants, which was inversely correlated with gestational age. This determines the need for further targeted monitoring of the health status of children in this group in order to timely correct the identified disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Keywords: deeply premature babies, diseases of the cardiovascular system, very low body weight, extremely low body weight, habilitation

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NEPHROPATHIES IN CHILDREN WITH HORMONAL DYSFUNCTION
E.A. Yuryeva, E.V. Tozliyan, V.V. Dlin, E.S. Vozdvizhenskaya, E.I. Shabelnikova

Summary. In this review brief data are presented on the physiology and pathophysiology of the endocrine system, including in children, and on the effect of endocrinopathies on the structure and function of the kidneys, including growth, development of functions, their circadian frequency and the appearance of various nephropathies of hereditary and acquired genesis.
Keywords: hormonal dysfunction, kidney disease, children

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CORRELATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF "MEDICAL SERVICE" AND "MEDICAL CARE" IN THE MODERN LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA
A.N. Makarovа

Summary. The article discusses the concepts of medical care and medical services, the relationship of these concepts, the responsibility of the medical institution for causing harm to the life and health of the patient, application of the Law "On Consumer Rights Protection" to the relations on the provision of paid medical services. Examples from judicial practice are given.
Keywords: medical care, medical service, patient, responsibility, patient rights, consumer, judicial practice, health protection, legislation, paid medical services

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POSSIBILITIES OF PREVENTION OF URINARY SYSTEM INFECTION IN CHILDREN USING VARIOUS OPTIONS OF ANTI-RELAPSE THERAPY
O.V. Shatokhina

Summary. The article provides an overview of current trends and research results on the problem of anti-relapse therapy of urinary system infection (USI) in children with the use of both antibacterial uroseptic drugs and phytotherapeutic agents. The evidence-based studies in the direction of traditional methods of treatment of recurrent USI in the adult and child population are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of the drug Canephron® N in the form of monoand complex therapy for acute USI, in the recovery period, in anti-relapse and inter-relapse therapeutic measures.
Keywords: urinary system infection, acute cystitis, pyelonephritis, anti-relapse therapy, uroseptic therapy, antibiotics, herbal medicine, Сanephron® N

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FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND THERAPY OF A NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19) IN YOUNG CHILDREN DURING THE SPREAD OF THE OMICRON VARIANT
I.M. Osmanov, L.N. Mazankova, S.N. Borzakova, A.E. Yudina, A.K. Mironova, A.V. Vinokurov

Summary. The article presents an analysis of the clinical manifestations and results of drug therapy of 279 young children (from 1 month to 3 years inclusive) hospitalized in the Children’s City Clinical Hospital named after Z.A. Bashlyaeva of the Moscow City Health Department from 1 to 31 January 2022 during a new rise in the incidence of COVID-19 caused by the spread of the Omicron variant. The objectives of the study were to identify the clinical features of the course of the disease in this age group and to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.
Keywords: novel coronavirus infection, COVID-19, children, Omicron variant, pediatric incidence of COVID-19 in Moscow, clinical manifestations, treatment, recombinant interferon α2b preparations, VIFERON®