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CURRENT TRENDS IN REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT RESPIRATORY DISEASES
T.G. Malanicheva, N.V. Ziatdinova, G.S. Gataullina

Summary. In children with recurrent respiratory diseases in conditions of antibiotic resistance and polypragmasia, chronic pathology of the respiratory organs is often formed, in the development of which the formation of bacterial biofilms plays an important role. There is an evidence base on the role of biofilms in the development of chronic otitis media, adenoiditis, and tonsillitis and rhinosinusitis, which often worsen against the background of recurrent respiratory diseases. Among the substances used for the destruction of biofilms in medical practice. A promising direction is the use of natural compounds, including essential oils. The conducted studies have shown the effectiveness of using the composition of essential oils for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections, rhinitis, as part of complex therapy: patch inhaler “Dyshi”, oil “Dyshi”. Which provide a direct effect on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and have an antibiotic, virulent. Fungicidal activity, increase mucosal immunity and lead to a decrease in the frequency of ARI (acute respiratory diseases), to a lighter course of the disease and prevents the development of bacterial complications.
Keywords: children, recurrent respiratory diseases, antibiotic resistance, biofilms, essential oils, "Dyshi" inhaler patch, “Dyshi” oil

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"TACTICS OF INCREASING VACCINATION COVERAGE OF CHILDREN BORN WITH VERY LOW AND EXTREME LOW BODY WEIGHT, USING A PERSONALIZED APPROACH"
A.K. Mironova, I.M. Osmanov, L.N. Mazankova, O.I. Potyanova, E.V. Moiseeva

Summary. The article presents an analysis of the reasons for the low vaccination coverage of premature infants born with those born with very low and extremely low body weight, on the basis of which a personalized approach to the tactics of increasing vaccination coverage of children has been developed and implemented in clinical practice.
Keywords: premature baby, vaccination, vaccination prevention

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THE STRUCTURE OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS RECEIVING LONG-TERM HOME OXYGEN THERAPY AND THE FREQUENCY OF ITS APPOINTMENT FOR VARIOUS CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES: RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY
D.Y. Ovsyannikov, M.A. Karpenko, M. Daniel-Abu, P.A. Frolov, S.A. Gitinov, N.K. Grigoriadis, A.A. Yakovleva, A.Y. Kruglyakov, V.P. Miroshnichenko, V.V. Gorev, A.A. Khudyakova, A.E. Yudina, E.V. Belenovich, I.M. Osmanov, N.. P. Weinstein, I.E. Turina, A.A. Korsunksky, A.L. Karpova, A.V. Mostovoy, T.I. Gablia, E.M. Gablia, E.V. Makarenko

Summary. The aim of the study was to establish the reasons for the appointment and the structure of patients aged 3 months to 18 years receiving long-term home oxygen therapy (LTOT), and the frequency of its appointment to patients with various chronic lung diseases (CLD).
Materials and methods. Multicenter observational cross-sectional study. During the period from 2007 to 2022, 267 children who received DDK using oxygen concentrators were monitored. The frequency of individual diseases in the structure of indications for DDC and the frequency of its administration to 1336 orbserved patients with various individual CLD were evaluated.
Results. The most common cause of DDC in childhood is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (68.5%). Analysis of the structure of patients receiving LTOT showed that patients with the following nosological units also need LTOT: neuroendocrine cellular hyperplasia of infants (6.7%), obliterating bronchiolitis (6.4%), hepatopulmonary syndrome (2.6%), organizing pneumonia (1.9%), congenital heart defects (1.5%) and lungs (0.7%), Edwards syndrome (1.1%), brain-lung-thyroid syndrome (1.1%), congenital malformations (0.7%), deficiency of filamin A (0.7%), unspecified interstitial lung diseases (0.7%), mucolipidosis (0.7%), Wife syndrome (0.7%), chronic pneumonitis of infants (0.7%), other diseases (6%). The frequency of LTOT prescribing in various CLD ranges from 5.9% (primary ciliary dyskinesia) to 100% (hepatopulmonary syndrome, filamin A deficiency), amounting to 7.8% in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Conclusion. The leading cause of LTOT in children is bronchopulmonary dysplasia. At the same time, other CLD, primarily interstitial, genetic diseases may be the reasons for its appointment, which must be taken into account when organizing medical care for children, preferential provision of oxygen concentrators.
Keywords: long-term home oxygen therapy, causes, chronic lung diseases, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, children

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STRUCTURE OF CAUSES OF DEATHS IN PREMATURE INFANTS BORN WITH VERY LOW AND EXTREMELY LOW BODY WEIGHT
Mironova A.K., Tumanova E.L., Osmanov I.M.

Summary. Background. The analysis of the structure of causes of deaths in premature infants is of great practical importance in terms of further improvement of medical care for this contingent of children.
Objective - to identify the main causes of deaths in premature infants born with very low and extremely low body weight in order to improve the provision of medical care to this contingent of children.
Materials and methods. 430 autopsy protocols were analyzed, among which the main group included 310 children born prematurely with very low and extremely low body weight; the comparison group consisted of 120 full-term newborns. Death in all children occurred in the neonatal period (up to 28 days of life). The causes of deaths were assessed according to the ICD-X.
Results. In the course of the study, the causes of deaths in the neonatal period in the groups of premature and full-term children were established. The data of the analysis demonstrated differences in the structure of the causes of deaths in the study groups due to pronounced morphofunctional immaturity in the group of premature infants.
Conclusions. The leading place among the causes of death in the group of premature infants was occupied by IVH, which in the subgroup of full-term infants led to a fatal outcome 9 times less often. The leading cause of deaths in the group of full-term children were congenital malformations.
Keywords: premature babies, very low body weight, extremely low body weight, fatal outcome

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QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN WHO HAVE HAD HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS
I.A. Nikulina, S.G. Gorbunov, N.D. Odinaeva

Summary. In the article, the authors consider the problem of the quality of life in children who have had herpesvirus infections. The attention of specialists is drawn to the need to study this issue, given the undoubted relevance of herpesvirus infections for pediatric infectology and the population as a whole. Specific examples from the publications of both domestic and foreign authors are given, indicating the negative impact of viral infections on the quality of life in children and adoles-cents.
Keywords: quality of life, herpesvirus infections, children

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IDIOPATHIC ANAPHYLAXIS IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
E.A. Filippova, N.V. Esakova

Summary. Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction. It consists of multiple organ lesions that develop at lightning speed and can lead to death. Idiopathic anaphylaxis is diagnosed, when it is not possible to find a trigger. Idiopathic anaphylaxis accounts for about 10-30% of all cases of systemic allergic reactions among children. Idiopathic anaphylaxis is relevant for pediatricians and allergists-immunologists. The article contains important information about idiopathic anaphylaxis and presents a clinical case.
Keywords: idiopathic anaphylaxis, children, diagnostics

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE AND THE PRINCIPLE OF MINIMAL SUFFICIENCY OF ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY
V.I. Kirillov, N.A. Bogdanova

Summary. On an outpatient basis, 2 groups of children with UTI were observed (cystitis 38, unclassified UTI - 40). The normative group (n = 31) received antibacterial drugs from the first days of the disease, in compliance with dosages and regularity for 10 days. Non-normative (n = 47), characterized by delayed use, a decrease in the duration, intake frequency and dosage of antibiotics. In both groups, the children took the herbal drug Canephron® N for 2 weeks of the acute period and subsequently for 6 months every 2 months in courses of 2 weeks. A comparative analysis showed that these 2 groups did not differ either in the rate of onset of remission (p = 0,722) or in the frequency of UTI recurrence (p = 0,816). In the 2 groups, there was an identical decrease in the volume of residual urine (p = 0,498 and p = 0,0211, respectively) and the frequency of pyelectasis (p = 0,0268 and p = 0,0225, respectively). Taking into account the independence of the results of therapy from the correct intake of antibacterial chemotherapy drugs, an alternative treatment for UTIs was proposed with their replacement with herbal medicines, in particular Canephron® N. Indications for such treatment are presented, which exclude the possibility of renal inflammation and vesicoureteral reflux. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the treatment of uncomplicated UTI, further prospective randomized trials are needed.
Keywords: urinary tract infection, alternative treatment, pediatric practice, compliance, antimicrobial resistance, herbal remedies, Canephron® N.

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CURRENT PROBLEMS OF DRUG THERAPY OF COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN
I.M. Osmanov, L.N. Mazankova, S.N. Borzakova, E.R. Samitova, A.K. Mironova, A.V. Vinokurov, S.O. Kotenko

Summary. The article presents an overview of publications on the use of a number of etiotropic and pathogenetic drugs for the treatment of mild and moderate forms of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children, including an analysis of published data on the search for new drugs that prevent the development of severe and critical forms of the infectious process for implementation into clinical practice.
Keywords: COVID-19, children, remsedivir. nirmatrelvir, ritonavir, paxlovid, interferon therapy, interferon-a2b, vitamin D, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, plitidepsin, «Mir 19®», uridine, aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium, «Galavit»

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A CLINICAL CASE OF DIAGNOSIS OF WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE IN A TWO-YEAR-OLD CHILD
E.V.Striga, D.Yu. Komelyagin, O.V. Zaitseva, O.E. Blagikh, S.A. Dubin, A.V. Petukhov, F.I. Vladimirov, S.V. Yamatina, T.N. Gromova

Summary. Hereditary hemorrhagic diseases in children are a serious problem in surgical practice, as they are associated with a high risk of bleeding during surgery and in the postoperative period, have their own characteristics of healing and scar formation. The article presents a clinical case of late diagnosis of type 2 von Willebrand disease in a 2-year-old child with osteomyelitis of the upper jaw on the left and an abscess of the orbital floor of the left eye, features of the bleeding syndrome in the perioperative period with relatively satisfactory coagulogram and platelet count. The article is intended for surgeons, dentists, pediatricians, otorhinolaryngologists.
Keywords: von Willebrand disease, cruentis syndrome (bleeding), children, pediatric maxillofacial surgery.